Dry Weather and Drought Frequently Asked Questions

    What is a drought, and how is it different from prolonged dry weather?

    A drought occurs when a period of low rainfall creates a shortage of water that adversely affects water supplies, farmers, the environment, or industry. Prolonged dry weather is an extended period of abnormally low rainfall that stresses water resources but hasn't yet reached drought threshold conditions. The Environment Agency and water companies have specific triggers that determine when an area moves from dry weather status to drought status. 

    What is the Environment Agency's role during drought?

    The Environment Agency has a statutory duty under The Water Resources Act 1991 to safeguard water resources in England. Our responsibilities include: 

    • Convening the National Drought Group to coordinate response across government, water companies, farming organisations, and experts 

    • Monitoring water companies' implementation of their dry weather plans 

    • Supporting farmers with irrigation guidance and water management advice 

    • Working with local authorities to protect communities and the environment 

    • Conducting scientific research to improve drought forecasting and response 

    • Enhancing compliance activity and taking enforcement action where necessary to protect water resources 

    How does the drought affect water supplies for homes and businesses?

    Water companies are responsible for maintaining these supplies and may implement their drought plans if conditions worsen. These plans contain measures such as campaigns on water usage, changes to abstraction permits, and potentially hosepipe bans (also known as Temporary Usage Bans or TUBs). 

    Decisions about hosepipe bans/TUBs are made by individual water companies based on their drought plans. TUBs are an effective way to reduce demand and increase public awareness about the water situation. By saving water through not using hosepipes, it leaves more water in the environment for essential needs, wildlife and habitats. 

    The Environment Agency expects water companies to follow their drought plans and take appropriate steps to reduce demand and leakage. This ensures that more water remains available in the environment for farmers, wildlife, and other users during periods of water scarcity. 

    How is the drought affecting farmers?

    Farmers have started irrigating earlier than normal in response to the dry weather. The period of prolonged dry weather means soils are extremely dry for the time of year and river flows are dropping to low levels. The Environment Agency is supporting farmers by: 

    • Issuing updated 'prospects for irrigation' forecasts 

    • Providing guidance on irrigation scheduling and equipment optimisation 

    • Facilitating water trading and sharing between abstraction licence holders 

    • Supporting the establishment of Water Abstractor Groups 

    • Offering Local Resource Option (LRO) screening studies to help groups of farmers identify tailored water resilience solutions 

    How is wildlife being affected?

    Low water levels and drought conditions can stress ecosystems and wildlife. Effects include low oxygen levels in water that can lead to fish kills, increased algal blooms, and restricted movement of wildlife in rivers.  

    What is the National Drought Group?

    The National Drought Group brings together key organisations involved in managing drought, including the Environment Agency, water companies, the Met Office, government departments, farming organisations, and environmental experts. The group meets regularly during dry periods to coordinate response efforts, share information, and implement measures to protect water supplies and the environment. 


    How can I report environmental incidents related to drought?

    If you see dead fish, wildlife in distress, drastically low water levels, pollution, or other environmental concerns, please report them to the Environment Agency's 24-hour incident hotline at 0800 80 70 60. 

    What can I do to help conserve water?

    Every action to save water helps protect our environment and ensure supplies for everyone. Simple steps include: 

    • Taking shorter showers (aim for 4 minutes or less) 

    • Installing a water butt to collect rainwater for garden watering 

    • Fixing leaky taps, toilets, and pipes promptly 

    • Turning off taps when brushing teeth or washing dishes 

    • Using washing machines and dishwashers only when full 

    • Using a watering can instead of a hose in the garden 

    • Watering plants in the early morning or evening to reduce evaporation 

    Access the Consumer Council for Water’s (CCW) website for further guidance: Drought - CCW(External link) and watch their videoHelp us to protect essential water supplies – and the environment - YouTube(External link) 

    Where can I get more information?

    • Visit our Water Hub for regular updates   

    • Contact your local water company for information on water restrictions in your area 

    How is climate change affecting drought in England?

    The changing climate means we are likely to see more summer droughts in the coming decades, despite periodic flooding. The rapid transition from the record rainfall and flooding in 2023-2024 to the current dry conditions demonstrates the increasing volatility of our weather patterns. The Environment Agency is planning for these changes through improved forecasting, infrastructure investment, and collaborative water resource management. 


    What is being done to build long-term water resilience? 

    The Environment Agency is planning for future water needs through: 

    • Publishing a National Framework for Water Resources in June 2025 

    • Supporting £104 billion of investment in water infrastructure over the next five years 

    • Working with other regulators to evaluate plans for nine new strategic reservoirs for public water supply by 2050 as part of a joined up national response to future pressures. 

    • Working with water companies to reduce leakage by 50% by 2050 

    • Investing in technology for smarter water management 

    • Conducting scientific research to improve our understanding of drought impacts